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Sains
Malaysiana 53(9)(2024): 3085-3095
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5309-14
Fitness and Survival of the Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Maize in West Java, Indonesia
(Kecergasan dan Kemandirian Ulat Ratus, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) pada Jagung di Jawa
Barat, Indonesia)
AGUS SUSANTO1,
WIWIN SETIAWATI2,*, AGUS MUHARAM2, BAGUS KUKUH UDIARTO2,
TARKUS SUGANDA1& SYIFA NABILAH SUBAKTI
PUTRI1
1Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of
Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran University (Unpad), Jatinangor,
Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
2Research Center for Horticulture, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Center, Jl.
Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Pakansari, Cibinong Km 46, Bogor,
West Java 16915, Indonesia
Received: 4 April 2024/Accepted: 30
July 2024
Abstract
An
important pest of maize is a new invasive species called Spodoptera
frugiperda, also known as the fall armyworm (FAW), causing a considerable
economic impact in Indonesia since 2019. This insect has a large host range, a
quick generation time at the right temperature, a high rate of reproduction,
and a high dispersal capacity. In population ecology and pest management, fitness
and survival are crucial. This research was aimed to determine some biological
aspects and demographic statistics of three FAW populations (lowland, midland,
and highland) in a laboratory setting with 25 ± 2 °C, 75 ± 5% relative humidity, and a 12:12 (L:D)
hour photoperiod. Findings indicated no variation in the length of the FAW life
stage or its reproductive capacity. Nonetheless, notable variations were noted
in the average fecundity of females, with FAW of the highland population laying
the most eggs (1242.1 eggs). FAW had the shortest mean generation time (T), the
highest intrinsic rate of increase (rm), the finite rate of increase (λ), and
the highest net reproductive rate (R0) of the highland population. Overall FAW collected from highland, midland, and lowland can
adapt well when brought to a laboratory with a constant temperature at 25 ± 2 °C without detriment
to the parameters of the life table. The knowledge gained from this study is
crucial for managing FAW because it improves comprehension of its life cycle
and adaptability to various altitudes, enabling us to take appropriate action
to stop its spread.
Keywords: Adaptability;
highland; lowland; midland; Spodoptera frugiperda
Abstrak
Salah
satu serangga perosak utama pada jagung adalah spesies invasif baru dikenali
sebagai Spodoptera frugiperda atau dikenali dengan nama ulat ratus, yang
memberikan impak ekonomi yang cukup besar di Indonesia sejak tahun 2019. Serangga ini mempunyai julat perumah yang besar,
masa penjanaan yang cepat pada suhu yang betul, kadar pembiakan yang tinggi dan
kapasiti penyebaran yang tinggi. Dalam ekologi populasi dan pengurusan perosak,
kecergasan dan kemandirian adalah penting. Penyelidikan ini bertujuan untuk
menentukan beberapa aspek biologi dan statistik demografi tiga populasi FAW
(tanah rendah, tanah tengah dan tanah tinggi) dalam
persekitaran makmal dengan 25 ± 2 °C, 75 ± 5% kelembapan relatif dan 12:12 (L: D)
tempoh fotokala. Penemuan menunjukkan tiada variasi dalam
panjang peringkat hayat FAW atau kapasiti pembiakannya. Walau bagaimanapun,
variasi ketara telah dicatatkan dalam kesuburan purata betina, dengan FAW
daripada populasi tanah tinggi bertelur paling banyak (1242.1 telur). FAW
mempunyai masa penjanaan min (T) terpendek, kadar kenaikan intrinsik tertinggi
(rm), kadar peningkatan terhingga (λ) dan kadar pembiakan bersih tertinggi
(R0) penduduk tanah tinggi. FAW keseluruhan yang dikumpul dari tanah
tinggi, tanah tengah dan tanah pamah boleh menyesuaikan diri dengan baik
apabila dibawa ke makmal dengan suhu malar pada 25 ± 2 °C tanpa menjejaskan
parameter jadual hayat. Pengetahuan yang diperoleh daripada kajian ini adalah
penting untuk mengurus FAW kerana ia meningkatkan pemahaman kitaran hayatnya dan
kebolehsuaian kepada pelbagai ketinggian, membolehkan kami mengambil tindakan
yang sewajarnya untuk menghentikan penyebarannya.
Kata
kunci: Kebolehsuaian; Spodoptera
frugiperda; tanah rendah; tanah tengah; tanah tinggi
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*Corresponding author; email: wiwi024@brin.go.id
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